How to Choose a Therapist or Counselor
Perhaps you have a chronic or difficult problem, or maybe you feel
depressed
or sad. Before you jump into therapy, there are important issues that you need to consider. For example, "How do I choose a therapist?" "How much will it cost and how long will it take?" "What kinds of therapies are there and how do they differ?" "What should I expect at my first session?"
What to Look For
Your therapist is a counselor—not your friend. Nonetheless, it is important that you choose someone that respects your opinion, your input, and your individuality. One of the most important things to consider when entering a therapeutic relationship is whether the values of the therapist match your values.
Conflicts can occur when the client and therapist have different value systems or when there are misunderstandings about the level of conversational intimacy. Engaging the right therapist—someone with whom you are comfortable and trust—is important in ensuring that you get the best treatment possible.
Where to Find a Therapist
Look for recommendations from your doctor or other healthcare providers, professional organizations, or friends. Health care professionals can also separate your physical problems from emotional ones. Laura M. went for a physical checkup when her
anxiety
over moving to a new city and the birth of her second child made her irritable and chronically fatigued.
Her primary care physician could find no physical difficulties, and instead recommended that she talk with someone about her concerns.
"Although I didn't know my primary care physician well," Laura says, "he had an excellent grasp of my problems and talked about it in a way that made sense to me. The therapist he recommended also seemed to understand my issues and was able to help me without putting me on any sort of medication."
How Much It Will Cost and How Long It Will Take
Therapy can be costly. Cost will be based in part on the reputation and educational background of the therapist, his or her institutional affiliation, and geographic location. Your therapist will usually ask you at the first session how you intend to pay for his or her services, so it is smart to check with your insurance provider to know exactly how much of your treatment will be covered.
The length of therapy can vary widely depending on your particular issues and your background. Treatment for mild or situational problems can be relatively short and might be accomplished in as few as five or six sessions. Chronic problems and long-term difficulties, however, may require a year or more before you feel that progress is being made. One way to monitor your progress is to formalize (in writing) a set of treatment goals. This ensures that both you and your therapist are working on the same issues and helps you assess the benefits for yourself.
When it comes time to end therapy, your therapist may encourage you to discuss your decision, but a good therapist should always respect your judgment about when it is time to go it on your own. Although the cost of therapy can affect the way you approach the process and what therapist you choose, the length of treatment should be based on more important factors.
What the Options Are
It is difficult to make choices when you are in a state of near-panic, but most of us have a sense of when things are starting to spiral out of control. That is the time to consider the different approaches that various therapists take to healing. There are a number of different theories at the foundation of clinical practice. These theories help a clinician think about your problems and how to treat them.
Therapies are generally divided into the following approaches:
- Behavioral therapy—This type of therapy looks to replace harmful behaviors with useful ones. It is often used in coordination with cognitive therapy, which is aimed at helping people recognize and alter distorted ways of thinking.
- Humanistic and experiential therapies—These therapies are based on the theory that people are growing and self-actualizing. Experiential therapists use emotionally-charged, experience-based techniques to effect change, while humanistic therapists concentrate on creating a safe place for the patient.
- Psychoanalytic and psychodynamic therapies—These therapies explore unconscious conflicts and defense mechanisms that hinder adult behavior.
- Family therapy or family systems therapy—This type of therapy is concerned with looking at the dynamics of relationships within the family unit.
- Marriage and family therapy—There are certain patterns of behavior, conflicts, or dynamics that are characteristic to specific families or couples. These patterns will be addressed in therapy and worked on through the therapeutic process and its goals. The most important factor is the “set of relationships” that couples or family members are part of.
- Integrative or holistic therapies—Therapies based on more than one approach. Elements are blended from different theories to fit individual needs.
There are also different categories of mental health professionals:
- Psychiatrists—physicians who have completed medical school, and a residency in psychiatry. They are the only mental health professionals licensed to prescribe medicines
- Psychologists—Have a doctoral degree (PhD, DPsy, DEd) in clinical, educational, counseling, or research psychology. Most states issue licenses. Psychologists evaluate and treat emotional and behavioral problems, and provide psychotherapy.
- Certified or licensed social workers—therapists who have a bachelor's, master's, or doctoral degree. Their education and training level determines the type of services they offer. Social workders can assess and treat psychiatric illnesses, and provide case management and psychotherapy.
- Mental health nurse—have nursing degrees ranging from associate's to doctoral degrees. They offer a wide range of services based on their education, training, and license. Some can assess and treat psychiatric illnesses, provide case management, and in some cases prescribe and monitor medication.
- Licensed counselors—have a master's degree in psychology, counseling, or similar field with two years of post-graduate training. They have licenses issued by the state and offer services for individuals, families and group therapy.
What to Expect at the First Appointment
Your first session, sometimes called an intake evaluation, will be unlike subsequent sessions. This is a time for your therapist to get to know you—what is important to you and what particular problems or difficulties have brought you into therapy. You will be asked about your family history and childhood, education, friends and social relationships, career, romantic relationships, and current living situation. The depth of this personal history will vary depending on your therapist and his or her particular theoretical orientation. Once the therapist has developed some understanding of you, he or she will ask if you have any questions. This is the time to raise questions you have about the therapist's training and theoretical orientation and experience with treating problems similar to your own.
Be aware that subsequent sessions may be complex. Facing what appears to be a singular issue can often veer off into many other directions. You may need to delve into areas of your life that you had not anticipated exploring.
What to Do If You Do not Like Your Therapist
You do yourself a disservice by staying with a therapist that you do not like. If you feel that your therapist is not listening to you, or is downplaying your problems, or has a value system that differs from your own, do not hesitate to talk about it. A responsible therapist has an obligation to either work it out to your satisfaction or to refer you to someone else. Use the same consumer-wise techniques you apply to consumer goods when you search for a therapist. Make sure you get what you need from the best person available.
RESOURCES
American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy http://www.aamft.org/
American Counseling Association http://www.counseling.org/
CANADIAN RESOURCES
Canadian Psychiatric Association http://www.cpa-apc.org/
Canadian Psychological Association http://www.cpa.ca/
References
Different Approaches to Psychotherapy. American Psychological Association website. Available at: http://www.apa.org/topics/therapy/psychotherapy-approaches.aspx. Accessed January 4, 2013.
For a Healthy Mind and Body Talk to a Psychologist. American Psychological Association website. Available at: http://www.apa.org/helpcenter/talk.aspx. Accessed January 4, 2013.
Mental Health Professionals: Who They Are and How to Find One. National Alliance on Mental Illness website. Available at: http://www.nami.org/Content/ContentGroups/Helpline1/Mental%5FHealth%5FProfessionals%5FWho%5FThey%5FAre%5Fand%5FHow%5Fto%5FFind%5FOne.htm. Accessed January 4, 2013.
Therapy and Counseling. American Academy of Family Physicians Family Doctor website. Available at: http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/prevention-wellness/emotional-wellbeing/mental-health/therapy-and-counseling.html. Updated May 2010. Accessed January 4, 2013.
Understanding Psychotherapy and How it Works. American Psychological Association website. Available at: http://www.apa.org/helpcenter/understanding-psychotherapy.aspx#. Accessed January 4, 2013.
Revision Information
- Reviewer: Brian P. Randall, MD
- Review Date: 01/2013 -
- Update Date: 01/04/2013 -
